how to query OSM data in Java?

開放街圖OSM的公共圖資可以透過overpass-turbo介面查詢獲得。
若想利用Java程式碼查詢，可參考以下查詢範例。
其中，查詢指令可參考overpass-turbo範例指令，測試成功再代入程式。


/*
  QueryOSM.java
        展示如何用retrofit套件，同步及非同步(適用於Android)，存取如下OSM圖資服務
                http://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter?data=xxx

        // 建立服務連線客戶端及請求內容
        OverpassService requestClient = OverpassServiceProvider.get();
        String request = composeRequest();
        
        // 非同步查詢圖資，適用於手機平板Android平台
        asyncRequest(requestClient, request);
        
        // 同步查詢圖資，適用於桌機Application應用
        OverpassQueryResult result = syncRequest(requestClient, request);
        postProcess(result);
 
執行步驟:
  javac QueryOSM.java
  java QueryOSM
run:
[out:json][timeout:25];
(
node[tourism](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
relation[!highway][type!='route'][!boundary](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
);
out center;
end of asyncRequest()
21 elements...
1. id:4326372453, type:node, lat:25.1761808, lon:121.4490491, name:五虎碑, wheelchair:limited
2. id:4384988658, type:node, lat:25.1750071, lon:121.4522078, name:文錙藝術中心, wheelchair:yes
3. id:4492221396, type:node, lat:25.1736267, lon:121.4473809, name:三化牆
4. id:4492221397, type:node, lat:25.1744069, lon:121.4474037, name:地球村雕像, wheelchair:limited
5. id:4492221399, type:node, lat:25.1735175, lon:121.4484658, name:淡江大學花牆
6. id:4492221425, type:node, lat:25.1749949, lon:121.450678, name:閱讀的少女, wheelchair:yes
7. id:4502075211, type:node, lat:25.1751384, lon:121.4523232, name:旅者
8. id:4502075212, type:node, lat:25.1739938, lon:121.4505047, name:李雙澤紀念碑, wheelchair:yes
9. id:4502075213, type:node, lat:25.1761919, lon:121.4499374, name:福園金鷹銅雕, wheelchair:no
10. id:4502075222, type:node, lat:25.1738907, lon:121.4475716, name:驚聲銅像, wheelchair:limited
11. id:4507662408, type:node, lat:25.1741082, lon:121.4474671, name:溫馨, wheelchair:yes
12. id:5012978611, type:node, lat:25.1741784, lon:121.4507282, name:黃河母親, wheelchair:no
13. id:5072580167, type:node, lat:25.1769149, lon:121.4495309
14. id:5130535622, type:node, lat:25.1757202, lon:121.4496844, name:會文館, wheelchair:yes
15. id:5132288341, type:node, lat:25.1741586, lon:121.4508061
16. id:5132288342, type:node, lat:25.174208, lon:121.4475417
17. id:6050843218, type:node, lat:25.1770813, lon:121.449821
18. id:8991981256, type:node, lat:25.1750049, lon:121.4480033, name:淡江願景牆, wheelchair:yes
19. id:3974590, type:relation, lat:0.0, lon:0.0, type:multipolygon, name:操場
20. id:3983402, type:relation, lat:0.0, lon:0.0, type:multipolygon, name:松濤廣場
21. id:7530081, type:relation, lat:0.0, lon:0.0, type:multipolygon

Response{protocol=http/1.1, code=200, message=OK, url=http://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter?data=%5Bout%3Ajson%5D%5Btimeout%3A25%5D%3B%0A%28%0Anode%5Btourism%5D%2825.1735%2C%20121.446%2C%2025.1775%2C%20121.455%29%3B%0Arelation%5B%21highway%5D%5Btype%21%3D%27route%27%5D%5B%21boundary%5D%2825.1735%2C%20121.446%2C%2025.1775%2C%20121.455%29%3B%0A%29%3B%0Aout%20center%3B}
end of syncRequest()
21 elements...
1. id:4326372453, type:node, lat:25.1761808, lon:121.4490491, name:五虎碑, wheelchair:limited
2. id:4384988658, type:node, lat:25.1750071, lon:121.4522078, name:文錙藝術中心, wheelchair:yes
3. id:4492221396, type:node, lat:25.1736267, lon:121.4473809, name:三化牆
4. id:4492221397, type:node, lat:25.1744069, lon:121.4474037, name:地球村雕像, wheelchair:limited
5. id:4492221399, type:node, lat:25.1735175, lon:121.4484658, name:淡江大學花牆
6. id:4492221425, type:node, lat:25.1749949, lon:121.450678, name:閱讀的少女, wheelchair:yes
7. id:4502075211, type:node, lat:25.1751384, lon:121.4523232, name:旅者
8. id:4502075212, type:node, lat:25.1739938, lon:121.4505047, name:李雙澤紀念碑, wheelchair:yes
9. id:4502075213, type:node, lat:25.1761919, lon:121.4499374, name:福園金鷹銅雕, wheelchair:no
10. id:4502075222, type:node, lat:25.1738907, lon:121.4475716, name:驚聲銅像, wheelchair:limited
11. id:4507662408, type:node, lat:25.1741082, lon:121.4474671, name:溫馨, wheelchair:yes
12. id:5012978611, type:node, lat:25.1741784, lon:121.4507282, name:黃河母親, wheelchair:no
13. id:5072580167, type:node, lat:25.1769149, lon:121.4495309
14. id:5130535622, type:node, lat:25.1757202, lon:121.4496844, name:會文館, wheelchair:yes
15. id:5132288341, type:node, lat:25.1741586, lon:121.4508061
16. id:5132288342, type:node, lat:25.174208, lon:121.4475417
17. id:6050843218, type:node, lat:25.1770813, lon:121.449821
18. id:8991981256, type:node, lat:25.1750049, lon:121.4480033, name:淡江願景牆, wheelchair:yes
19. id:3974590, type:relation, lat:0.0, lon:0.0, type:multipolygon, name:操場
20. id:3983402, type:relation, lat:0.0, lon:0.0, type:multipolygon, name:松濤廣場
21. id:7530081, type:relation, lat:0.0, lon:0.0, type:multipolygon

end of main()
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 1 minute 2 seconds)

  參考:
  a. Retrofit 2 – Synchronous and asynchronous call example
        https://howtodoinjava.com/retrofit2/retrofit-sync-async-calls/
  b. https://github.com/zsoltk/overpasser
        hu.supercluster.overpasser.adapter
            OverpassQueryResult
            OverpassQueryResult.Element
            OverpassQueryResult.Element.Tags
            OverpassService
  c. 引用函數庫
      compile/run: 
        okhttp-3.14.9.jar
        okio-1.17.2.jar
        converter-gson-2.10.2.jar
        gson-2.8.5.jar
        retrofit-2.10.2.jar
      compile/run tests:
        byte-buddy-1.11.3.jar
        byte-buddy-agent-1.11.3.jar
        mockito-core-3.11.2.jar
        objenesis-3.2.jar
 */
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;

import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.Callback;
import retrofit2.Response;
import retrofit2.Retrofit;
import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;

import hu.supercluster.overpasser.library.output.OutputFormat;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.library.output.OutputModificator;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.library.output.OutputOrder;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.library.output.OutputVerbosity;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.library.query.OverpassQuery;
 
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.adapter.OverpassQueryResult;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.adapter.OverpassQueryResult.Element;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.adapter.OverpassQueryResult.Element.Tags;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.adapter.OverpassService;
import hu.supercluster.overpasser.adapter.OverpassServiceProvider;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.List;
/**
 *
 * @author seke
 */

public class QueryOSM {
    
    // 可利用下址測試查詢指令
    //     http://overpass-turbo.eu/
    public static String composeRequest()
    {
/* 查詢範例1: 
        在(47.48047027491862,19.039797484874725,47.51331674014172,19.07404761761427)範圍內
        列出所有非私人停車場
        
    A. 查詢指令
    ["out":"json"]["timeout":"30"];
    (
        node
            ["amenity"="parking"]
            ["access"!="private"]
            (47.48047027491862,19.039797484874725,47.51331674014172,19.07404761761427);
            <;
    );
    out body center qt 100;

    B. 組合查詢指令方法
      String query = new OverpassQuery()
        .format(OutputFormat.JSON)
        .timeout(30)
        .filterQuery()
            .node()
            .amenity("parking")
            .tagNot("access", "private")
            .boundingBox(
                47.48047027491862, 19.039797484874725,
                47.51331674014172, 19.07404761761427
            )
        .end()
        .output(OutputVerbosity.BODY, OutputModificator.CENTER, OutputOrder.QT, 100)
        .build()
        ;
*/

/* 查詢範例2: 
        在(25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455)範圍內，撈取
           非座椅設施，商店，觀光點，辦公室，繄急設施之節點
           屬於大學設施之線條，關係
           不屬於公路、路線、森林、邊界之線條，關係
        列出其中心位置及相關屬性(標籤)

        A. 查詢指令
    [out:json][timeout:25];
    // gather results
    (
      node[amenity][amenity!=bench](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      node[shop](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      node[tourism](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      node[office](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      node[emergency](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      //way[amenity="university"](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      relation[amenity="university"](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      way[!highway][type!="route"][landuse!="forest"][!boundary](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
      relation[!highway][type!="route"][!boundary](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);
    );
    // print results
    out center;
---
  註:  淡江大學之範圍為 25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455
*/       
       String query = String.join("\n",
               "[out:json][timeout:25];",
               "(",
//               "node[amenity][amenity!=bench](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
//               "node[shop](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
               "node[tourism](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
//               "node[office](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
//               "node[emergency](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
//               "relation[amenity='university'](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
//               "way[!highway][type!='route'][landuse!='forest'][!boundary](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
               "relation[!highway][type!='route'][!boundary](25.1735, 121.446, 25.1775, 121.455);",
               ");",
               "out center;");

        System.out.println(query);
        return query;
    }
    
    public static void asyncRequest(OverpassService apiClient, String request)
    {
       //Call call = service.interpreter(query);
       apiClient.interpreter(request).enqueue(new Callback()
       {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response)
        {
            if(response.isSuccessful()==false)
            {
                System.out.println("asyncRequest: response.isSuccessful(): false");
                System.out.println(response.errorBody());
                return;
            }
            
            OverpassQueryResult result = response.body();
            postProcess(result);
         }

        public void onFailure(Call call, Throwable t) {
        // DO failure handling 
          System.out.println("onFailure");
          System.out.println(t.getLocalizedMessage());
        }
       });
       
       System.out.println("end of asyncRequest()");
    }
    
    public static OverpassQueryResult syncRequest(OverpassService apiClient, String request)
    {
        OverpassQueryResult result = null;
        Call callSync =   apiClient.interpreter(request); 

        try
        {
            Response response = callSync.execute();
            //OverpassQueryResult apiResponse = response.body();
     
            //API response
            System.out.println(response);
            result = response.body();
        }
        catch (Exception ex) 
        { 
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        System.out.println("end of syncRequest()");
        return result;
    }
    
    public static void postProcess(OverpassQueryResult result)
    {
        if(result==null) return;

        // DO success handling 
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        System.out.println(result.elements.size() + " elements...");
        int count = 1;
        for (Element p : result.elements) 
        {
            sb.append(count); count++;
            sb.append(String.format(". id:%s, type:%s, lat:%s, lon:%s", p.id, p.type, p.lat, p.lon));
            Tags tags = p.tags;
            for (Field f : tags.getClass().getFields()) {
                f.setAccessible(true);
                try 
                {
                    if (f.get(tags) != null) {
                       sb.append(String.format(", %s:%s", f.getName(), f.get(tags)));
                    }
                }
                catch (IllegalAccessException e)
                { // shouldn't happen because I used setAccessible
                }

            }
            //if(p.tags. != null)
            //  sb.append(String.format("tags:%s", p.tags.name));
            sb.append("\n");
        }
        System.out.println(sb.toString());
    }
    
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        // 建立服務連線客戶端及請求內容
        OverpassService requestClient = OverpassServiceProvider.get();
        String request = composeRequest();
        
        // 非同步請求
        asyncRequest(requestClient, request);
        
        // 同步請求
        OverpassQueryResult result = syncRequest(requestClient, request);
        postProcess(result);
        
        System.out.println("end of main()");
    }
}